Articles

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on the surface of the ovary. Many women have ovarian cysts and most have little or no discomfort. Most ovarian cysts disappear without treatment within a few months. However, some women present with rupture or torsion of the ovarian cysts that can lead to severe

Ovarian torsion occurs when the ovary twists on the tissue it is connected to resulting in a blockage of blood to the ovary. This results in severe pain in the lower abdomen. Disclaimer: The information on this website is provided for educational and information purposes only and is not medical advice.

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a condition that is associated with the sudden uncontrollable urge to urinate. It is often characterized by the need to urinate frequently during the day and night. Sometimes, it may lead to leakage of urine. Disclaimer: The information on this website is provided

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection that occurs in the upper genital tract, including the fallopian tubes, ovaries, lining of the pelvis, or uterine cavity. The infection typically starts in the vagina or cervix and moves upward. It can lead to many serious long term problems including

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition that occurs when the muscles that support the pelvic organs (uterus, bladder, rectum, small bowel) become weak and are unable to provide adequate support. Consequently, the pelvic organs drop down and protrude into the vagina or through the vaginal opening. Disclaimer:

Pelvic pain is pain in the lower part of the abdomen and may arise from the reproductive, urinary, digestive or musculoskeletal systems. The pain can be brief (acute) or occur over a long period of time (chronic). Many gynecological conditions can lead to pelvic pain, including endometriosis, fibroids,

Perimenopause is also known as the menopausal transition or the climacteric. It is the period from regular menstruation to menopause and can last for 5 or more years. The average age of menopause is 51 years old. It occurs due to the gradual decline in functioning ovarian follicles. Disclaimer: The

Permanent sterilization was discussed. We discussed that this is a non-reversible method of contraception and should only be used when the patient is certain she does not desire children in the future. It is a surgical procedure that can usually be performed in a minimally invasive manner via laparoscopy.

Placenta accreta is a condition in pregnancy diagnosed when the placenta becomes abnormally adherent to the uterus (myometrium). After delivery, the placenta is expected to easily separate from the uterus in a normal pregnancy. In the case of placenta accreta, the placenta remains adherent and this can

Placenta previa is diagnosed when the placenta is abnormally located and covers the internal os (cervical opening). The placenta may cover the cervical internal os partially or completely. If the placenta previa remains as the pregnancy progresses, complications may arise such as life-threatening maternal

Placental abruption is a condition in which the placenta separates before the birth of the fetus. If occurs in about 1% of pregnancies. Risk factors for placental abruption include maternal hypertension, smoking, cocaine use, trauma, premature rupture of membranes, and short umbilical cord. Patients

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a disorder characterized by infrequent or lack of menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism (excessive body and facial hair), obesity, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Patients with PCOS may have all or some of these symptoms. Other conditions

Polyhydramnios is the accumulation of excessive amniotic fluid. It can be caused by congenital anomalies, maternal diabetes, twin-twin transfusion syndrome, congenital infections, and fetal hydrops. However, about two-thirds of all cases of polyhydramnios are idiopathic which means that the cause is

Postcoital bleeding is bleeding that occurs during or after sexual intercourse. Causes of postcoital bleeding include vaginal dryness, vaginal tears, cervical ectropion (condition in which the canal of the cervix is turned inside out and the fragile cells are exposed), cervical polyps (growths that extend

Posterm pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy that has reached or extended beyond 42 weeks gestation. Late-term pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy that has reached between 41 weeks 0 days and 41 weeks 6 days gestation. Risk factors for postterm pregnancy include a history of prior postterm pregnancy,